从赋形到历史——卢卡奇早中期美学思想转变的内在逻辑及其困境

From Form-giving to History——The Inner Logic and Predicament of the Transformation from Lukacs' Early to Mid-term Aesthetic Thoughts

总体性是贯穿卢卡奇早中期思想的核心概念,具有克服资本主义物化的意义。卢卡奇在主客关系的框架内展开对总体性的思考。在早期,他接受了新康德主义主客二分的范式,只能以主观的赋形创造总体性。在《历史与阶级意识》中,他凭借无产阶级的历史主-客体地位,将总体性揭示为资本主义社会发展的真正现实,由此为他中期的现实主义文艺观奠定了基础,现实主义必须反映现实的总体性,揭示历史的真正结构和真实动力。但卢卡奇未能超出主体优先逻辑,这使他的总体性与现实主义理论遭到质疑。

Totality,significant in overcoming the reification of capitalism,is the core concept that runs through Lukacs'early and mid-term thoughts.Lukacs perceived totality within the framework of subject-object relationship.In his early thoughts,he argued that totality can only be created through subjective form-giving in the light of Neo-Kantianism that separates subjects and objects.In History and Class Consciousness,by means of identifying proletariats as both the subjects and the object of history,Lukacs revealed the totality as the real reality of capitalist society,thus laying the foundation for his realistic literary theory in the mid-term period.Realistic literature must reflect the totality of reality and reveal the true structure and real power of history.However,Lukacs’failure to go beyond the logic of subject priority incurs questionings about his theory of totality.