冷战结束后美国中亚政策的演变

Retrospective Review on Evolution of American Central Asian Policy after the Cold War

中亚地区连结亚欧,具有重要的地缘政治地位。自苏联解体中亚五国独立以来,中亚便成为美国对外战略的重要地区。自冷战结束至特朗普政府时期美国的中亚政策演变,大致可以分为四个阶段。这期间美国从政治、经济、军事、文化等方面进行全面渗透,企图将中亚五国变成美国的战略支撑点,既可支持北约向东扩张,又可打破俄罗斯与中亚的特殊关系,还可遏制中国与中亚国家关系的发展。由于美国对中亚政策具有鲜明的政治色彩,因而受到中亚国家不同程度的抵制,使得美国在中亚难以有更大的作为。

Central Asia,connecting Asia and Europe,is a region of critical geopolitical value.Ever since the independence of Central Asian republics,United States have been picturing its regional strategies and goals in Central Asia.The entire period from the end of Cold War to the start of Trump Administration can roughly be divided into four stages that will be illustrated hereinafter.During this period,through asserting political,economic,security and cultural influences,United States endeavors to transform Central Asia into its strategic fulcrum,which can assist NATO’s eastward expansion as well as to cut off Russias connection to a region of its traditional interest,also to achieve containment of China’s growing influence to its west.Considering the strong political elements behind U.S Central Asia policies,its diplomatic proposals are,in recent times,increasingly unlikely to arouse the interest of Central Asian republics.This now becomes a restriction to United States’actions in Central Asia.