政府主导型灾后重建中的“公正性”困境——以汶川5.12地震为例

The Predicament of “Fairness” in Government-Led Post-Disaster Reconstruction——Taking “Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th,2008” as an Example

在中国的文化语境中,自然灾害通常与国家运势相连,灾后重建因此被蒙上了鲜明的政治色彩,政府主导便成为了其基本属性。基于对5. 12汶川地震灾后重建过程及其若干案例的考察,本文研究发现,灾民往往有着独特的心理状态,大多对灾后重建事务充满了理想主义的公正性期待;而受到这种社会心理的影响,政府主导型灾后重建经常会陷入错综复杂的"公正性"困境之中,资源的分配、时间的安排、方式的选择、信息的传播成为焦点问题所在。从而使该项工作遭遇诸多质疑,在不同程度上背离预想的政治目标。

In the context of Chinese culture,natural disasters are usually associated with the national fortunes.So post-disaster reconstruction has been covered with distinctive political implications,and government-leading has become its basic attribute.Based on the investigation of the reconstruction process and some cases after the Wenchuan 5.12 earthquake,this paper finds that the victims often have a unique psychological state,and most of them are full of idealistic expectations of fairness for the post-disaster reconstruction.Affected by this social psychology,the government-led post-disaster reconstruction often falls into the complex predicament of“fairness”.In this case,the allocation of resources,the arrangement of time,the selection of ways and the dissemination of information become the focus issues,which make the work encounter many queries from victims and deviate from the preconceived political targets to some extent.