番茄主要病害病原菌培养条件及室内药剂筛选

Cultural conditions of pathogens of main tomato diseases and fungicides screening in laboratory

【目的】探明侵染甘肃省番茄主要病原菌培养条件,并筛选出有效防治药剂,为生产实践中防治番茄3种病害及研发新的混配制剂提供科学依据,从而阻碍和延缓3种病原菌抗药性的产生.【方法】试验采用生长速率法对3种病原菌生物学特性测定及室内防治药剂进行了测定及筛选.【结果】对番茄上3种主要病原菌致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)、茄链格孢(Alternaria solani)、灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)进行培养条件筛选,研究发现致病疫霉、茄链格孢和灰葡萄孢在大多数培养基上均能良好生长,其中OMA培养基有利于致病疫霉菌丝的生长,TDA培养基有利于茄链格孢和灰葡萄孢菌丝的生长;致病疫霉、茄链格孢和灰葡萄孢最适温度和光照条件分别为20℃与24/0(L/D)、25℃与24/0(L/D)、25℃与16/8(L/D);经室内抑菌作用和毒力测定结果表明,霜脲·锰锌对致病疫霉、苯醚甲环唑对茄链格孢和腐霉·福美双对灰葡萄孢病原菌具有良好的抑制作用,抑菌率均为100%,EC50分别为141.00、31.89和138.91μg/mL.【结论】霜脲·锰锌、苯醚甲环唑和腐霉·福美双可分别用于由致病疫霉、茄链格孢、灰葡萄孢引起的病害的防治.

【Objective】To explore the biological characteristics of pathogens infecting tomato in Gansu Province,and to screen out the effective anti-infective agents in order to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of three tomato diseases and to develop new mixed potions for hindering and delaying the tolerance of pathogens to fungicide.【Method】The microscopic observation and growth rate methods were used to observe,determine and screen the spore morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of the three kinds of pathogenic spores as well as the indoor control agents.【Result】The culture conditions for Phytophthora infestans,Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea were screened and the result showed that these pathogens could grow well in most culture mediums.In which,OMA medium was better for the mycelium growth of P.infestans and TDA for A.solani and B.cinerea.The optimum temperature and light conditions of three pathogens were 20℃,25℃,25℃and 24/0(L/D),24/0(L/D),16/8(L/D)respectively.Inhibitory effect and toxicity test in the laboratory showed that cymoxanil mancozeb,difenoconazole and pythium thiram performed good inhibitory effect on P.infestans,A.solani and B.cinerea respectively,and the inhibition rate reached 100%and he values of EC 50 were 141.00μg/mL,31.89μg/mL and 138.91μg/mL respectively.【Conclusion】Cymoxanil mancozeb WP,difenoconazole EP and pythium thiram WP could be used for the prevention and control of tomato diseases caused by P.infestans,A.solani,and B.cinerea pathogens respectively.