德国出口贸易对创新的影响——基于企业数据的分析

Effects of Germany's Exports on Innovation:An Analysis Based on Export Enterprises' Data

德国是最具创新能力的国家之一,同时也是世界上第三大出口国和最大的贸易顺差国。贸易的自由化对德国的创新能力和经济发展来说至关重要。德国企业在出口活动中通过同海外合作伙伴和竞争者之间的互动获得新的知识,提高自身的创新力和竞争力。本文采用德国企业层面的数据,以出口学习效应理论为基础,分析了出口行为对德国企业创新的影响。研究发现,出口对于德国的创新,特别是产品创新尤为重要。德国大型制造业企业从出口行为中获益更多。从近期美国政府贸易保护主义措施来看,其主要涉及的对象正是德国的工业制造业跨国企业,如果这些保护措施形成长期效应,那么将对德国企业的创新水平造成较大的负面影响。

Germany is one of the most innovative countries in the world and the third largest export country.which has the biggest trade surplus.Trade liberalization plays an important role for Germany’s innovation capacity and economic development.By obtaining new knowledge from the interactions with foreign partners and competitors through export activities.the German firms have improved their innovation capacity and competitiveness.Using a dataset of the German firms.this paper employs the theory of learning by exporting and analyses the effects of these firms’export behaviours on their innovation performance.We find that ex-port has a significant influence on Germany’s innovation.especially product innovation.Germany’s large-sized manufacturing enterprises can particularly benefit from export.The recent protectionist policies of the US government target mainly at Germany’s transnational manufacturing corporations.which will exert a relatively significant negative influence on innovation output of German firms if the protectionist measures form a long-term effect.