面向网络开放创新社区的设计参与者角色研究

User Roles in the Open Design Projects in Context of Innovative Online Community

目的研究基于网络社区的开放设计活动中用户所扮演的角色。方法基于社会网络分析与内容分析方法,对Local Motors社区中的Rally Fighter产品设计项目展开研究,解析不同类型用户在设计活动中所发挥的作用,进而判断其扮演的角色。结果分析结果显示,在开放设计活动中,网络社区用户主要扮演引导人员、专家级参与人员、多用途人员、积极参与人员、普通参与人员、沟通人员6类角色。结论引导人员、专家级参与人员、多用途人员、沟通人员等是开放设计项目的核心参与者,对于开放创新活动具有重要的促进作用,这部分用户占总用户群体的比例较小(10.1%),企业需要重点关注;普通参与者在设计活动中占比最高(78.1%),尽管此类用户对于开放设计的贡献相对较小,但由于他们中有可能隐藏着具有专业技术能力的用户,所以企业需要探索更有效的方法来发掘这类人员,并激励其参与创新活动。

The work aims to study the user's role in the open design activities based on the online community.Rally Fighter product design project in the community of Local Motors was studied based on the social network and content analysis to analyze the role of different types of users in the design activity,thus judging the role they played.The analysis results revealed that the users of online community mainly played the roles like guide,experts,multi-role participant,active participant,regular participant and communicator in the open design activities.The guides,experts,multi-role participants and communicators are the key participants of open design projects.Although accounting for a small amount(10.1%of the users),they contribute a lot to the open innovation activities.Thus,the operators of enterprises should pay more attention to these users.Additionally,although the impacts of regular participants on open design are relatively small,they are a very large group(78.1%of the users).Therefore,enterprises should put efforts to explore more effective means to identify the users with professional technical capability from the regular participants,and encourage them to take part in the innovation events.