祭祀与歌舞:佤族原始农耕伴生的文化形态

Singing,Dancing and Sacrifice: on Cultural Forms Stemming from Primitive Farming of the Wa People

刀耕火种是人类早期的农业形态之一,也是佤族适应千年不变山地生境的策略。受原始宗教泛灵崇拜原逻辑思维的支配和影响,在佤族的认知世界里,自然界任何事物或现象都是由一种超自然的神秘力量所操纵。祭祀成为了佤族人地关系协调的重要方式,作为宗教祭典主要组成部分的歌舞,也成为了佤族特定历史发展阶段用来记录历史和传递共同文化价值体系的媒介。

Slash-and-burn agriculture not only was one of farming methods of human beings in early stage,but also has been the adaptive living strategy of Wa in mountainous regions for thousands of years.According to the cognition of Wa,which is deeply dominated and influenced by animism,an original religious belief,every thing or every phenomenon in nature is driven by a mysterious supernatural force.In this context,sacrifice has become an essential approach to seek a balance between the land and the people living there.Meanwhile,as major components of sacrificial ceremony,singing and dancing have become particular media to record history and communicate common cultural values.