中印边界冲突与肯尼迪政府对印度的军事援助(1962-1963)

Sino-India Border Conflict and Kennedy Administration's Military Assistance to India:1962-1963

1962年的中印边界冲突给美印关系与印度的国防政策带来了巨大而深远的影响。就印度而言,中印边界冲突促使其开始将中国视为其国家安全的主要威胁,并开始调整国家发展战略,制定出以对抗中国为主要特点的国防计划。就美国而言,在冲突期间及其后,肯尼迪政府向印度提供了大规模的军事援助,为印度巩固北部边界的国防提供了大力支持。美国的军事援助政策,既是为了实现遏制中国的冷战战略目标,同时也受到了巴基斯坦和英国的掣肘。在此期间,肯尼迪政府曾试图以军援为筹码,推动印巴解决克什米尔争端,但却以失败告终。这一结果表明,对外援助在美国实现对第三世界的战略目标进程中的作用是非常有限的。

The Sino-Indian border conflict in 1962 had great and profound influence on US-India relation as well as India s national defense policy.This conflict drove India to adjust its national development strategy and work out a defense plan which considered China as its potential military rival.From the perspective of the United States,during and after the conflict,the Kennedy government provided a large amount of military assistance to India,and made tremendous contribution to the consolidation of India s national defense in its north frontier.The Unites States military aid policy aimed to achieved its cold war strategy of containing China,it was also constrained by Pakistan and Britain.During this period,the Kennedy Administration tried to use military assistance as its leverage to pushed India and Pakistan to settle the Kashmir dispute,but eventually ended in failure.This result indicates that the function of foreign aid in achieving the United States strategic objective in the Third World is very limited.