国企改革40年回顾

A Retrospective Study on the Four-decades' Reform of China's SOEs

40年的国企改革,大体可分为三个阶段:一是放权让利阶段,从改革初期一直到1992年前后;二是建立现代企业制度和"抓大放小"并行阶段,从1993年到2003年前后;三是大型央企快速发展阶段,从2003年至现在。国企改革是在党和政府的统领下,按照实事求是原则渐进推动的,一批现代化的大型企业集团的崛起,已经证实国企改革的成效。但是,经济效率和活力问题,并没有得到切实改善。这是值得我们反思的地方。

The four-decades’reform of China’s stated-owned enterprises(SOEs)can be roughly divided into three stages:the first stage(from the initial period of the reform to around the year 1992),the decentralization of power and transfer of profits;the second stage(from the year 1993 to around the year 2003),the establishment of modern corporate system along with the invigoration of large enterprises and the relaxation of control over small ones;the third stage(from the year 2003 until now),the rapid development of large central enterprises.Led and guided by the Party and the government,the reform of China’s SOEs has been gradually promoted under the principle of seeking truth from facts.The rising of a batch of enterprise groups has proved the effect of the reform of China’s SOEs.Nonetheless,the problem of economic efficiency and vitality facing China’s SOEs has not been effectively solved,which deserves our reflection.