改革开放40年我国老龄化的社会治理——成就、问题与现代化路径

China's Governance of Aging Society of 40 Years Since the Reform and Opening-Up:Achievements, Problems, and Modernized Approach

构建了由老龄化认知、治理体系、治理能力和治理成本四部分构成的我国老龄化社会治理框架。在此理论框架下对改革开放40年我国应对老龄化问题取得的成就进行了梳理,并对当前社会治理存在的问题进行了分析。结合未来人口老龄化趋势和经济社会发展特征提出了人口老龄化社会治理现代化的实现路径,即全面加强社会对人口老龄化的科学认知;明晰国家和政府的职责,加强社会治理和基层民主自治;提升法治化能力,逐步推进治理重心由制度构建向行动效率转变;关注老龄化社会治理成本控制,努力提高决策的科学化水平;全面强化协同共治网络,以绩效评估为手段促进深化改革;扩大治理视域,搭建区域性和全球性老龄化治理平台。

First of all,this paper constructs a framework of the governance of aging society containing the cognition of aging,the governance system,the governance capacity and the governance cost,and then sorts out the achievements China has made in dealing with the aging problem in the past 40 years since the reform and opening-up according to four parts.On the basis of understanding the logic of China’s response to aging,this paper also analyses the existing problems of social governance,and combined with the trend that the future population will be aging and the characteristics of socio-economic development,puts forward the approach to realizing the modernization of the governance of population-aging society,that is,to fully strengthen the society’s cognition of the population aging;to clarify the responsibilities of the country and the government and to strengthen the social governance and the democratic self-governance at the grassroots level;to improve the ability to rule by law and to shift the focus of governance from the institutional construction to the operational efficiency gradually;to pay attention to the control of the cost in governing the aging society and to strive to make decision-making more scientific;to strengthen the network of collaborative shared governance comprehensively and to deepen reform through the performance appraisal;and tp expand the scope of governance and to build a regional and global governance platform for aging.