基于海绵城市的雅安雨水花园植物材料综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of plant materials in Ya'an rainwater garden based on sponge city

我国是水资源大国同时也是水资源严重紧缺的国家,如何在城市的有限空间中实现雨水收集利用已经成了亟待解决的问题。作为海绵城市的实体单元——雨水花园,承载着控制雨洪和优化生态、促进水净化循环等主要任务。而如何有效地选择适宜的植物材料,通过构建高效的群落生态系统达到预期效益具有重要的理论与现实意义。在搜集查阅资料的基础上,对雅安境内的典型雨水花园进行调查。采用综合分析法对雨水花园植物进行综合评价,从3个准则层和9个指标层构建植物评价体系。结果表明:抗旱性、抗涝性、绿化美化特性、去污降污能力4个指标对于雨水花园植物的选择具有重要影响;千屈菜、红蓼、东方狼尾草、鸢尾、细叶芒、花叶芒是雅安地区建设雨水花园的首选植物;再力花、常夏石竹、八宝景天、美人蕉、金鸡菊、马鞭草、大丽花是建设雨水花园慎重选择的植物材料;其余植物根据雨水花园种植区不同的水淹情况,选择合适的区域如蓄水区、缓冲区、边缘区进行雨水花园植物的种植。研究结果可为雅安乃至川蜀地区雨水花园植物的筛选和海绵城市的建设提供理论支撑。

Our country is rich in water but also serious shortage of water,how to realize the use of rainwater collection has become an urgent problems,which needs to be sloved in the limited space in the city.As the entity of the sponge city,the rainwater garden carries the main tasks of controlling rainwater anoptimizing the ecology and promoting the water purification cycle.And how to choose suitable plant materials effectively is of great theoretical and practical significance by building an efficient community ecosystem to achieve the expected benefits.On the basis of collecting data,we investigate the typical rain gardens in the sponge city of Ya’an in Sichuan Provice.Using AHP analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the 29 kinds of rain garden plants,we established rain gardens evaluation system from three Criterion layes and 9 index layers.The results show that drought resistance,humidity resistance,greening and beautifying characteristics,decontamination and pollution reduction ability have important influence on the selection of rain garden plants;Lythrum salicaria,Polygonum orientale,Pennisetum orientale,Iris tectorum,Miscanthus sinensis,and Miscanthus sinensis‘Variegatus’are the preferred plants construction of rain garden in South China;Thalia dealbata,Dianthus plumarius,Sedum spectabile,Canna indica,Coreopsis drummondii,Verbena officinalis and Dahlia pinnata are careful choice of plant materials in the plant construction of rain garden;the rest of the plants choose suitable areas such as storage area,buffer area and edge area of rain garden according to the different rainwater situation in the rain garden planting area.The research results provide theoretical support for the construction of garden plants and the sponge city in Ya’an and other Central Plains region.