在华跨国农业生物技术公司垄断风险之防控:从豁免走向限制性豁免

Prevention for Monopoly Risks of Transnational Agricultural Biotechnology Companies in China:From Exemption to Restrictive Exemption

知识经济条件下农业产业正经历着由经验向科学的转型,现代科学技术与现代工业提供的生产资料与科学管理方法在农业产业中的广泛应用,缔造了崭新的现代农业。与之相适应,跨国农业生物技术公司利用技术、资本、品牌、管理等优势,在世界范围内不断扩张自己对农业产业的控制与垄断能力,给世界各国特别是发展中国家的农业产业带来了一定的垄断风险。而传统反垄断法农业豁免制度在一定程度上可能为跨国农业生物技术公司的垄断提供不当"保护",非但不能很好地实现农业豁免制度的立法目的,而且会严重损害农业产业的健康发展。为应对这一新挑战,反垄断法农业豁免制度亟需变革。就我国而言,针对目前立法所规定的豁免制度之缺陷,乘《反垄断法》启动修改之东风,实现从豁免制度向限制性豁免制度的转型,正是对这种变革需求的积极回应。通过完善立法,在我国确立以主体豁免限制、经营领域豁免限制及经营行为豁免限制为主要内容的"限制性豁免"制度,是有效防控在华跨国农业生物技术公司垄断风险的重要对策。

Under the background of knowledge economy,agricultural industry is undergoing a huge transition from experiential to scientific ways.Modern science and technology as well as means of production and scientific management approaches provided by modern industry create a brand-new modern agriculture.Accordingly,transnational agriculture biotechnology companies continue to strengthen their monopoly power on agricultural industry in the world by taking advantages of technology,capital,brand,management and others,which may cause certain monopoly risks for agricultural industry all over the world,especially those in the developing countries.In some cases,traditional anti-monopoly law exemption system for agriculture may provide improper"protection"for the monopoly behavior of transnational agricultural biotechnology companies,which is not only incapable of achieving the goal of legislating the anti-monopoly law exemption system,but also may bring serious damage to the healthy development of agricultural industry.Therefore,it is necessary to reform the anti-monopoly law exemption system in order to deal with the new challenge.In the case of China,it is a right time to realize the transform from exemption to restrictive exemption systems by overcoming the deficiencies in the legislation of exemption system for agriculture.Through amendment of the current anti-monopoly law,to establish the restrictive exemption system,which mainly refers to subject exemption restriction,operating areas exemption restriction,and managing behavior exemption restriction,will be an important countermeasure to effectively prevent and control the monopoly risks of multinational agricultural biotechnology companies in China by legislation.