家兔鼻腔的形态学特点及NALT分布规律的研究

Study on Morphology Characteristics and Distribution of NALT in Rabbit nasal Cavity

为探讨鼻相关淋巴组织(nose-associated lymphoid tissue,NALT)在鼻腔的分布特点,将20只健康成年家兔鼻腔依次分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ5段,通过大体解剖观察和组织切片染色,对每段的形态与NALT的分布特征进行研究。结果显示,家兔鼻腔从前向后依次主要被上颌鼻甲、鼻鼻甲和筛鼻甲所占据;鼻黏膜上皮从前向后依次为复层扁平上皮、变移上皮与呼吸上皮,嗅上皮,分别对应鼻腔前庭区、呼吸区和嗅区。特别是在Ⅲ、Ⅳ段鼻腔的腹鼻道底部侧壁的固有层中,存在长度约1.5 cm^2.0cm的长条状淋巴集结,其上覆有一单层网状上皮,上皮内可见大量淋巴细胞和浆细胞;同时,在Ⅲ、Ⅳ段其他位置及第Ⅴ段鼻咽管侧壁,其黏膜固有层内可见孤立淋巴滤泡分布;此外,各段鼻甲骨和鼻腔侧壁的黏膜固有层中,也有弥散淋巴组织和散在的淋巴细胞分布。结果证明,家兔鼻腔有丰富的鼻黏膜相关淋巴组织,且主要成条状分布于Ⅲ、Ⅳ段左右鼻腔的腹鼻道底部侧壁上。这些结果为进一步研究家兔NALT的功能特点提供了依据。

In order to explore the distribution of nose-associated lymphoid tissue(NALT)in the nasal cavity,the nasal cavities of 20 healthy adult rabbits were divided into five(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ)sections,and each blocks′morphological characteristics and distribution of NALT were studied by gross anatomy and tissue staining.The results showed that the turbinates of the rabbit include nasoturbinate,maxilloturbinates and ethmoid turbinate orderly.The mucosal epithelium included stratified squamous epithelium,the transitional epithelium and respiratory epithelium,and the olfactory epithelium orderly,and corresponding to vestibular region,respiratory region and olfactory region respectively.Strikingly,at the lamina propria of ventromedial side of the ventral nasal meatus,trere were about 1.5-2.0 cm aggregated lymphatic follicles covered single-layer ramified intraepithelial with a lot of lymphocytes and plasmocytes.Except above location,there were isolated lymphoid follicles at theⅢ,Ⅳand nasopharyngeal wall atⅤ,and diffuse lymphocytes at each section irregularly.Our findings suggested that there are abundant NALT in rabbit nasal cavity,and mostly at ventromedial side of the ventral nasal meatus as bilateral strips inⅢ,Ⅳ.The results provided a basis for further study of the functional characteristics of rabbit NALT.