南京国民政府时期上海市政府的人事构成与权力格局

The Personnel Configuration and Power Structure of the Shanghai Municipal Government in the Period of the Nanjing Nationalist Government

1927年7月上海特别市政府成立,1930年5月上海特别市改称上海市。从1927年至1937年,上海市政府主要官员的人事构成既呈现专业化的特点,又受制于诸多政治因素。一方面,历次上海市长更迭与国民党高层的权力竞逐、派系斗争、政局变动有关。另一方面,上海市市长任用下级官员有浓厚的"人治"色彩,市政府内许多"技术官僚"与市长亦有亲缘、地缘或业缘的关联。在地方"党政分开"的架构下,上海市党部对市政府进行人事渗透,并对市政府形成权力牵制,呈现"党治"色彩。更重要的是,蒋介石亦时常控制上海市长及各局首长的人事任免,有意运用派系政治维系及平衡上海市政府的权力格局。

In July 1927,the Shanghai Special Municipal Government was established.In May 1930,the Shanghai Special Municipality was renamed as Shanghai Municipality.From 1927 to 1937,the personnel configuration of the Shanghai Municipal Government was characterized by professionalization and also influenced by many political factors.The appointment of Shanghai mayors was related to the power struggle and political situation at the higher level of the Nationalist Party.The Shanghai mayors appointed lower level officials based on personal relationships,and even many“technocrats”in the municipal government were related to the mayors through various connections.Moreover,despite the framework of“the division of party and administration”at the local level,the Shanghai Party branch penetrated the municipal government and had some restriction on the latter.More importantly,Chiang Kai-shek also often intervened in the appointment of the mayor and heads of bureaus in the Shanghai Municipal Government and intentionally used cliques to maintain and balance the power structure of the Shanghai Municipal Government.