未分的果实:土改前后晋西南的果树分配与乡村经济

Fruits not Allocated Yet: the Redistribution of Fruit Trees and Rural Economy in Southwestern Shanxi around the Period of the Land Reform

传统乡村经济结构类型多样,既有以农、林、牧、副、渔等其中某项为主的单一化经营,也有农林、农牧等多元型经营,粮食、经济作物种植业所占的土地比例有多有少,对乡村经济的影响千差万别。通过解读山西西南部永济县一些村庄的《阶级成份登记表》发现,果树收益对乡村经济影响重大,果树分配和家庭经济状况存在密切关联。土改时期,重新分配土地对于改变村庄土地占有的不平等显然具有重要的意义,但是,这些村庄的家庭经济收入并不完全取决于土地面积的多少,同时还要受到果树经营种类、规模的影响。根据《土地改革法》,各个阶级家户的果树受到保护,没有被重新分配,从而影响了土改后至高级社时家庭经济的发展和演变。这不仅有助于重新认识土改的意义,而且有益于理解土改后乡村的社会分化问题。

By interpreting the“Registry of Class Elements”in several villages of Yongji County in southwestern Shanxi,the author finds the income from fruit trees had significant impact on local rural economy and the redistribution of fruit trees had close relationship with family economic conditions.In the land reform,the redistribution of land apparently played a significant role in changing the inequality of land ownership in the villages.However,the family incomes in these villages did not completely depend on the sizes of their land,but were influenced by the kinds and numbers of each family s fruit trees.According to the Law of Land Reform,the fruit trees of families from all the classes were not redistributed and this shaped the development of family economy from the Land Reform to the High-level Communes.This research not only helps rethink the meaning of the Land Reform,but also benefits the understanding of the social differentiation in the countryside after the Land Reform.