多维度水质安全评价方法探讨——以太湖为例

Study of multi-dimensional water quality safety evaluation method:taking Taihu Lake as an example

基于太湖水污染特征,筛选了包括水质、富营养化、水华发生、健康风险方面的指标,构建了包含4个二级指标、21个三级指标的多维度水质安全评价指标体系;提出以层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)确定指标权重,以水质安全指数评价水质安全等级的方法,并利用2012年调查数据对太湖水质安全进行了评价。结果表明:2012年太湖整体水质安全等级为及格,除湖东区水质安全等级达到中等外,其余湖区均为及格,其中竺山湖、西北区水质安全状况较差,水质安全指数分别为50. 78和52. 45;对评价结果进行分析表明,富营养化水平、水华发生状况是影响太湖水质安全的主要因素。

Based on the characteristics of water pollution of Taihu Lake,the indicators including water quality,eutrophication,water bloom occurrence and health risk were screened,and a multi-dimensional water quality safety evaluation index system consisting of 4 secondary indicators and 21 tertiary indicators was constructed.Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method was applied to determine the weight of the indicators.The survey data of Taihu Lake in 2012 was used to evaluate the water quality safety grade with the water quality safety index.The results showed that the overall water quality safety of Taihu Lake was only qualified in 2012.The water quality safety grade in the eastern district of lake was medium,while the water quality safety grades in other districts of the lake were qualified.The water quality safety status of Zhushan Lake and Northwest District was the worst,and the water quality safety index was 50.78 and 52.45,respectively.Based on the analysis of the assessment results,eutrophication level and water bloom condition were found to be the main factors affecting the water quality safety of Taihu Lake.