自然村生产生活废弃物循环利用模式及其评价研究

Research on rural waste recycling mode and its evaluation in village

农业农村生产生活废弃物循环利用是实现农村人居环境治理、提高资源利用效率的重要途径,对美丽乡村建设具有重要意义。该文以自然村为研究对象,采用层次分析法和模糊评价法相结合的方法,统筹考虑生产生活废弃物循环利用,构建了自然村生产生活循环技术模式评价指标体系,确定各项指标的权重,建立评价方法。以河北邢台市山区某村为例,针对其生产生活废弃物产生特点,构建生产生活废弃物循环利用体系,该村农业废弃物以果木剪枝、生活垃圾、生活污水、人畜粪尿等为主,通过构建以果木剪枝热解+炭基有机肥还田为纽带的循环利用模式,辅以污水处理利用技术,实现了废弃物能源化和就地肥料化利用。通过对该自然村循环利用模式进行实地评价验证,结果表明该自然村生产生活循环技术模式评分结果为优。该文为中国村镇废弃物循环利用技术模式选择、农村人居环境改善和农业绿色发展提供参考和借鉴。

In recent years,China's rural areas have witnessed rapid economic development,and the living and production waste in rural areas has been gradually increased.However,due to the limited economic development level,some villages is still lack of facilities for collection,treatment,and disposal of these waste.The recycling of living and production wastes in villages is an important way of environmental protection in the rural area and to improve the efficiency of resource utilization.It is easy to find some practical and mature technology to treat one kind of wastes in rural area,but lack of overall consideration for the recycling of production and living waste in the village.In this paper,we took a typical village(village A)in the mountainous area of Xingtai City,Hebei Province as an example,and constructed a recycling system of production and living waste.Fruit planting and rural tourism are the leading industries in village A.The main waste in village A are fruit trees pruning,household solid waste,sewage,and manure.The recycling system of the village was constructed using technologies and facilities such as composting of organic wastes,pyrolysis of fruit tree pruning,sewage treatment,and the collection and treatment of solid waste.The energy recovery and fertilizer use were realized in the village,and residential environment governance achieved a higher level.A combination of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and fuzzy evaluation method was adopted to construct the index system to evaluate the technology system of the recycling of wastes from living and production.A total of 26 indexes were chosen in the index system,which contained technological,economic and social,and environmental indexes.And the weight of each index was determined by the expert scoring method.Such as residents’acceptance,cost for garbage collection,average steady running time of the treatment facilities,and qualification rate of surface water and soil showed higher weights in rural area of North China.The method was used to evaluate the recycling system of village A,and result showed that the technology system of recycling of wastes from living and production in village A was level excellent.The evaluation method could fully reflect the characteristics of the recycling mode of living and production waste in rural areas.The evaluation methods in this study would provide the methodology reference for assessing,selecting,integrating,and promoting the technology system of recycling of wastes from living and production in China.It is a new thought that committing an overall design of the recycling system of the village,according to the village type,location,and reginal economic,and modifying through scientific evaluation,which could greatly improve the quality of rural area development,governance,and environmental protection.We will conduct evaluation and research on different types of typical villages in the southern area and the plain area of northern China in the future,further improve the evaluation method,and provide guidance for the construction and operation of recycling system of living and production waste in natural villages.