全要素生产率视角下中国农业发展的时空演变及问题探析

Space-time Evolvement and Problems of Chinese Agricultural Development Based on Total Factor Productivity

基于DEA-Malmquist指数法测算1990—2015年我国农业全要素生产率及其分解指数的变化,结果表明:(1)农业全要素生产率是我国农业经济增长的主要驱动因素,农业全要素生产率呈现持续增长的态势,其增长率在不断波动中趋于平稳;(2)农业技术进步是全要素生产率的主要影响因素,中国农业技术不断进步而技术效率相对略显不足;(3)东、中和西部农业全要素生产率呈现阶梯递减现象;(4)东部省市出现技术效率和技术进步同时增长的良好势头。农业全要素生产率变化情况反应出,我国的农业集约化程度和要素生产率水平仍然较低。因此,要优化要素投入结构,提高要素配置效率,来解决农业经济持续健康增长问题。

Agricultural total factor productivity and its decomposition index was calculated in China from 1990 to 2015 based on the DEA-Malmquist Index method.The results showed that:①Total factor productivity of agriculture was the main driving factor of agricultural economic growth in China.The total factor productivity of agriculture showed a trend of sustained growth,and its growth rate was stable in constant fluctuation.②Agricultural technical progress was the main influencing factor of total factor productivity.China’s agricultural technology was progressing and its technical efficiency was relatively slight.③The total factor productivity of agriculture in eastern,central and western regions was decreasing step by step.④Eastern region showed good momentum of simultaneous growth in technological efficiency and technological progress.The change of total factor productivity of agriculture reflected that the level of agricultural intensification and factor productivity in China was still low.Therefore,we should optimize the input structure and improve the efficiency of factor allocation to solve the problem of sustained and healthy growth of agricultural economy.