剩余价值国际转移与一般利润率变动:41个国家的经验证据

The International Transfer of Surplus Value and the Change of General Profit Rate: Evidence from 41 Countries

剩余价值国际转移对利润率变动的重要影响为学术界普遍忽视。本文基于马克思市场价值理论分析了剩余价值国际转移,并将其纳入利润率决定体系,重新考察了利润率变动。理论研究表明,国别价值转化为国际价值引起剩余价值从劳动生产率低的国家向劳动生产率高的国家转移,剩余价值国际转移率对利润率有正效应,在剩余价值国际转移率、剩余价值率、资本有机构成的影响下,利润率可能下降、不变或上升。基于经验数据的分析发现,剩余价值国际转移率对利润率确实有正效应,其与剩余价值率的正效应大于资本有机构成的负效应,利润率随劳动生产率的提高而上升。剩余价值国际转移导致利润率下降规律给资本主义生产方式发展造成的限制存在国际差异。

The significant impact of the international transfer of surplus value on the variation in the profit rate has been generally ignored in academic circles??Based on Marx??s market value theory,this paper analyses the international transfer of surplus value,and by incorporating this into the profit rate determination system,it reexamines the change in the profit rate.Theoretical studies show that in the process of inter-national value formation,surplus value is transferred from countries with low labour productivity to countries with high labour productivity.The rate of inter?country surplus value transfer has a positive effect on the profit rate.Under the influence of the rate of inter-country surplus value transfer,the rate of surplus value and the organic composition of capital,the profit rate may decline,fluctuate or rise.Based on empirical data analysis of 41 countries in the period between 2000 and 2014,we find that:the rate of inter-country surplus value transfer has a positive effect on the profit rate;the positive effect of the surplus value rate and the rate of intercountry surplus transfer is greater than the negative effect of the organic composition of capital;the profit rate increases with the improvement in labour productivity.The continued surplus value transfer from the developing countries to the developed countries has alleviated the restrictions imposed by the decline of profit rate to the development of the capitalist mode of production.