城镇居民工资不平等的变化:1995-2013年

Changes of Wage Inequality in Urban China: 1995-2013

本文利用中国居民收入分配课题组1995、2002、2007和2013年城镇住户调查数据,发现城镇居民工资不平等程度在不断上升,工资分布的低端不平等比高端不平等更为严重,并在OLS和RIF回归的基础上对工资差距的变化进行了分解分析。基于工资函数OLS回归的G·Fields分解结果表明,教育对工资不平等的解释作用在上升,这也是不同年份工资不平等的重要影响因素。但这种解释源自不同教育程度人群之间的收入差异,即组间不平等效应。如果考虑到工资分布不同分位点人群教育回报差异,即组内不平等效应,RIF回归及其分解结果表明,教育具有缩小工资差距的效应。工资不平等程度的上升来源于工资结构的变化,但在工资分布的高端和低端不平等,男性和女性之间存在不同的影响。各种可观测特征对工资不平等的解释作用较低。

By use of urban household survey conducted by CHIP at 1995,2002,2007 and 2013,this paper describes the increasing wage inequality in urban China,and decomposes the wage inequality into detailed explanatory variables according to OLS and RIF regression.The G.Fields decomposition indicates that education plays an increasingly important role in wage inequality determination.RIF regression provides the marginal effects of the explanatory variables at various quantiles of wage distribution and then the within effects on wage inequality,and regresses the inequality indicator on the explanatory variables.The increasing wage inequality is mainly explained by the changes of wage structure.However,the effects are different at top and bottom inequality,and between genders.Generally,the observed individual charac?teristics contribute very little to the wage inequality.