贸易自由化、企业异质性与产品范围调整

Trade Liberalization, Firm Heterogeneity and Product Scope Adjustment

本文基于多产品出口企业的垄断竞争模型构建了贸易自由化与多产品企业的分析框架,并使用2000-2006年的海关和工业企业数据,研究了贸易自由化及企业异质性对企业内资源配置和产品范围调整的作用机制。研究表明:贸易自由化使多产品出口企业的产品范围缩小且向生产核心产品集中;组织效率、资本密度及生产率高的企业受贸易自由化进程中产品范围缩小的影响较小;企业专业化于核心产品生产可以提升企业生产率,但适度的相关产品多元化也有益于企业的长期生存与发展。因此,企业需要在产品专业化和多元化策略之间进行权衡与抉择。

Based on the monopolistic competition model of multiproduct export firms,this paper focuses on the development of an analytical framework for trade liberalization and firms.heterogeneity to investigate its action mechanism in resource allocation in the product scope adjustment of multiproduct firms.Using firmlevel and transaction-level datasets from the industrial sector and customs during the period of 2000 to 2006,we employ panel data negative binomial and Tobit regressions,along with the hazard rate model,to obtain our empirical results.The results demonstrate that firms reduce their product scope and concentrate their production on those that offer greater performance in response to trade liberalization.In addition,firms with greater organizational efficiency,capital intensity and productivity are not so affected by product scope reduction during the trade liberalization process.Finally,through specialization firms can achieve improvements in terms of productivity and reducing the product scope,while a moderate diversifica?tion of related products contributes to the long?term survival and development of firms.Hence,firms need to trade off between resource allocation and competency building.