钙敏感受体在肾脏中的表达及生理作用研究进展

Research progress of expression of calcium sensing receptors in kidney and their physiological roles

钙敏感受体(calcium-sensing receptor,Ca SR)是一个C族G蛋白偶联受体,肾脏中,沿着肾单位不同部位(近端小管、远曲小管、髓袢段等)均有Ca SR的表达。Ca SR的主要功能是通过平衡胃肠道摄入和吸收钙,肾脏重吸收和排泄以及骨组织的消融维持钙稳态。肾脏中,Ca SR具有特定的功能,Ca SR在肾脏内通过调节水和电解质,肾素的释放,pH值,尿液浓度维持体内血钙浓度以及尿钙排泄量,如果Ca SR基因发生突变,可引起血钙和尿钙分泌的紊乱而引发疾病。本文从Ca SR在肾脏中不同部位的表达及生理作用做一综述,为进一步研究干扰RNA技术对Ca SR基因表达变化引起肾脏内钙代谢紊乱对钙肾结石的形成提供理论基础。

Calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR)is a group C G protein-coupled receptor.In kidney,it is located along different parts of the nephron(the proximal tubule,distal tubule,medullary duct,etc.),with the expression of CaSR.The main function of CaSR is to maintain calcium homeostasis by balancing gastrointestinal uptake and calcium absorption,kidney reabsorption and excretion,and bone tissue ablation.In kidney,CaSR has specific functions.CaSR maintains blood calcium concentration and urinary calcium excretion in kidney by regulating water and electrolytes,release of renin,PH,and urine concentration.If CaSR gene is mutated,which may cause the disorder of blood calcium and urinary calcium secretion to result in the disease.The article summarizes the expression and physiological role of CaSR in different parts of kidney,and provides a theoretical basis for further study about interference RNA technology on CaSR gene expression changes to cause calcium metabolism disorder in kidney to lead to formation of calcium kidney stones.