农民工社会养老保险最优参保策略研究

Does Optimal Social Pension Insurance Strategy Exisit for Rural Immigrants?

存在最优参保策略的养老保险制度安排会扭曲劳动力的市场配置。本文构建了农民工社会养老保险参保的完整策略集,采用代表性个人数值模拟法对农民工的参保策略进行全面的比较分析。研究表明,不管是在两大总策略集还是在子策略集中,均存在明显的最优策略,尤其是参保者在制度间或地区间转移的策略中,存在明显的收益突变点。这说明现行社会养老保险制度的非中性,这样的制度安排不仅不利于农民工养老保险权益的维护,更会损害劳动力的配置效率。在基础养老金全国统筹及城乡一体化实现之前,本文建议对参保者在不同制度不同地区的养老保险权益采用分段计算统一发放以避免制度对劳动力自由流动的阻碍、取消城职制度中缴费基数下限的设定以维护低收入农民工的养老保险权益。

The labor market allocation can be distorted by the existence of an optimal social pension insurance strategy.This paper constructs a complete strategy set of social pension insurance for rural immigrants,using a representative individual numerical simulation to comprehensively and comparatively analyze the optimal insurance strategy for rural immigrants.It finds that whether it is in the two overall strategy sets or subsets,there exists an optimal insurance strategy.Especially,there exists a significant revenue threshold point in strategy sets within the same program or between different regions.It implies that the current social pension insurance is not neutral.It is neither on the behalf of rural immigrants nor can contribute to labor force allocation efficiency.Before the national integration of the basic social pension and urbanization,it suggests that sectioned revenue compensation should be applied to rural immigrants who participate in different programs or work in different regions in order to eliminate the barriers for free flow of labor force.Also,the lower bound of premium base of basic urban employee social pension insurance should be repealed to protect low-income rural immigrants.