马拉松蹭跑者损害的民事责任承担

Civil liability assumption for the damage of cheating marathon runners

以民法基本理论为基础,阐述了马拉松赛事中蹭跑者损害责任的承担。研究认为,赛事组织者与蹭跑者没有合同关系,一旦出现损害,赛事组织者不承担违约责任。同时,鉴于赛事组织者的行为不符合一般侵权责任的构成要件,赛事组织者亦不负有安全保障义务,对蹭跑者也不承担侵权责任。转让号码牌者应当承担相应的民事责任,责任基础是缔约过失责任。蹭跑者应当承担损害的主要责任,其理论基础是自甘风险和意外事件。赛事组织者也应当提高赛事管理水平,避免蹭跑者现象的出现,降低赛事风险,确保马拉松赛事的顺利进行与可持续发展。

Based on basic theories of civil law,the author expatiated on liability assumption for the damage of a cheating runner in a marathon competition,and put forward the following onions:the competition organizer has no contractual relationship with a cheating runner,once damage occurs,the competition organizer does not assume contract breaching liabilities.In the mean time,whereas the competition organizer’s behavior does not meet the constitutive requirements of general tort liabilities,the competition organizer does no assume safety assurance obligations either,does not assume tort liabilities for cheating runners.The ID tag transferor should assume corresponding civil liabilities,and the liability basis is contracting fault liability.A cheating runner oneself should assume primary liability for his/her damage,and the theoretical basis is the assumption of risk and accident.The competition organizer should as well improve competition management performance,prevent the occurrence of cheating runners,lower competition risks,and ensure the smooth running and sustainable development of marathon competitions.