电子数据独立性对证据分类体系的冲击与应对

The Impact of E-data to the Statutory Classification of Evidence

电子数据在成为独立的证据种类后,与物证、书证及视听资料存在交叉重叠,在理论研究和司法实践中均造成了一定程度的混乱。这一混乱的根源在于我国证据分类体系的封闭和证据分类标准的不统一。在立法和司法解释已经将电子数据独立的前提下,视听资料的范围进一步被限制,已无独立存在的必要;现行法中的物证和书证也无法涵盖数据形态的丰富内容。应当取消视听资料并入电子数据,并将数据形态的物证和书证划归电子数据,这样不仅能够有效厘清不同证据之间的界限,更有利于电子数据独特证据规则的建立。

After the electronic data becomes an independent type of evidence,it overlaps with physical evidence,documentary evidence and audio-visual materials,causing a certain degree of confusion in both theoretical research and judicial practice.The root of this confusion lies in the closure of the evidence classification system in China and the inconsistency of the evidence classification standards.Under the premise that legislation and judicial interpretation have separated electronic data,the scope of audio-visual materials is further restricted,and there is no need for independent existence;the physical evidence and documentary evidence in the current law cannot cover the rich content of data forms.To resolve the embarrassing situation,audio-visual materials should be cancelled and categorized into e-data with physical evidence and documentary evidence in form of data.This will not only effectively clarify the boundaries between different evidences,but also facilitate the establishment of unique rules of electronic data.