基于地区性因素分解的台湾地区人力资本回报率研究

A Study of the Return on Human Capital in Taiwan with the Decomposition of Regional Factors

本文利用台湾"行政院"主计处"人力运用调查(2014年)"的原始数据,借助两层线性模型的方法,估算台湾地区人力资本回报率并对地区性因素的影响机制进行分析。结果表明:台湾地区人力资本回报率约为6.1%,处于以往文献所估计的5%-9%的波动范围内,但现阶段绝对水平较低。进一步分解地区性因素后,私人人力资本回报率约为5%,社会人力资本回报率约为1.6%。低水平的人力资本回报率源于地区劳动力需求不足和薪资增长的停滞。人力资本回报率具有明显的地区性差异,地区受教育年限具有显著的正向影响,而地区第三产业劳动力需求表现为负向影响,地区健康因素则起到部分中介作用。

Based on the original data of“Manpower Use Survey(2014)”from the Office of Accounting of Taiwan“Executive Yuan”,this paper estimates the rate of return on human capital in Taiwan and analyzes the influence mechanism of regional factors by using two-layer linear model method.The findings show that the return on human capital is about 6.1%,which is within the range of 5%-9%as estimated in previous literature,but the absolute level is relatively low at this stage.After further disintegrating the regional factors,we find that the return rate on private human capital is about 5%,and that on social human capital is around 1.6%.On the other hand,low returns on human capital stem from a lack of local labor demand and stagnation of wage growth.Moreover,the return on human capital varies obviously from region to region.Years of education in region has a significantly positive effect,while regional labor demand in tertiary industry shows a negative impact,and the regional health factors play a part of the intermediary role.