露天开采对环境的扰动行为及其控制技术

Disturbance behavior of open-pit mine on environment and its control technology

阐述了露天开采产生环境扰动的概念,基于扰动对象和矿田开发阶段确定了扰动行为的分类方法,提出了扰动行为具有自恢复性、过程性和可控性等特征。创建了扰动行为的管理控制理论,其基本原理是将露天矿区的环境背景值作为基准值,以露天矿开采后恢复原始环境为最低控制目标,对扰动行为实施全生命周期的动态管理与控制,确保露天矿开采后的周边环境恢复到原始状态,力争实现对周边环境的重构和改善。提出了"扰动系数"的概念和计算方法,用于量化露天开采对环境的综合扰动程度,建立了露天开采对水、大气、土地和生态环境扰动的分类控制指标,共4大类7个指标。研究了中国典型露天煤矿的扰动系数,构建了扰动控制关键技术体系。提出的综合扰动程度评价指标主要适用于露天开采,对于矿井开采也可提供一定借鉴。

The concept of environmental disturbance caused by surface mining is expounded in this paper.The classification method of disturbance behavior is determined based on the disturbance object and the development stage of the surface mine.The characteristics of self-recovery,process and controllability are proposed,and the theory of management and control of disturbance behavior is also presented.The basic principle of the theory is to take the baseline values of the surface mine as a reference,the original environment will then be restored after mining as the lowest goal.The dynamic management and control of the whole life cycle of the disturbance behavior will be carried out to ensure that the surrounding environment will not be damaged after the mining operation of surface mine.To achieve the reconstruction and improvement of the surrounding environment,the management and control indexes of surface mining for water,atmosphere,land and ecological environment disturbance are constructed.There are four major categories and seven indexes.The concept and calculation method of DC are put forward for the first time.It will be used to quantify the environment disturbance degree of surface mine.The DC of typical surface coal mines in China is studied.The key technology system of disturbance control has been set up.