圈养马麝的领域性与麝香分泌和繁殖成效的关系

Relationships of Territoriality with Musk Secretion and Reproductive Effort in Captive Alpine Musk Deer

采用扫描行为取样对甘肃兴隆山圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)领域性进行行为学研究,以马麝在圈内特殊位点的占据比例衡量领域性强度。分析了兴隆山圈养马麝圈舍密度、性别、年龄对领域性的效应,并比较了交配季节与非交配季节间的领域性;结合马麝泌香与产仔情况,分析了圈舍密度、性别、年龄及领域性对麝香分泌、繁殖成效的效应。结果表明:年龄(交配季节P=0.167;非交配季节P=0.403)和性别(交配季节P=0.607;非交配季节P=0.680)对领域性无明显影响;在交配季节,圈舍密度对领域性无明显影响(β=-0.050,P=0.285),但在非交配季节,圈舍密度与领域性之间呈显著负相关(β=-0.1490,P=0.014),圈舍密度越大,领域性越弱;交配季节与非交配季节之间领域性呈正相关,但不显著(P=0.534),交配季节领域性指数(0.430±0.028,n=52)高于非交配季节(0.350±0.039,n=52),接近显著(P=0.064);领域性对雄麝泌香量无显著影响(交配季节P=0.629;非交配季节P=0.441),但交配季节领域性与雌麝产仔量呈显著正相关(β=0.594,P=0.049),非交配季节领域性与雌麝产仔量呈负相关,但差异不显著(β=-0.476,P=0.102)。圈养马麝领域性受圈舍密度因素的影响,在交配季节和非交配季节间存在一致性,且交配季节领域性更强的雌麝产仔趋于更多。

We conducted scanning sampling in the Breeding Center for Alpine Musk Deer,Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province of western China to test the relationship of territoriality with the captive density,gender,and age during both mating and non-mating seasons,and studied the effect of captive musk deer’s territoriality with respect to musk secretion and reproductive effort.The age had no significant effect on territoriality(mating season P=0.167;non-mating season P=0.403),and gender had no significant effect on territoriality(mating season P=0.607;non-mating season P=0.680).Captive density had no significant effect on territoriality in the mating season(β=-0.050,P=0.285),but in the non-mating season captive density had significant negative effect on territoriality(β=-0.149,P=0.014),greater captive density was associated with weaker territoriality.The territoriality in the mating season(0.430±0.028,n=52)was higher than that in the non-mating season(0.350±0.039,n=52)(P=0.064).Territoriality had no positive influence on male’s musk secretion(mating season P=0.629;non-mating season P=0.441).However,territoriality during the mating season had a positive effect on the female’s reproductive success(β=0.594,P=0.049),but territoriality during the non-mating season had no significant effect on the female’s reproductive success(β=-0.476,P=0.102).Therefore,the captive alpine musk deer territoriality is influenced by captive density,and there is a consistency in territoriality in mating and non-mating seasons,females with stronger territoriality during mating season produce larger litters.