通过标准建构国家——基于《中国药典》的历史研究

Quality Standardization under the Perspective of State-building:Based on the Study of Chinese Pharmacopoeia

监管型国家建设是当前我国现代国家建构的主题之一,这一过程需要明确中央与地方、国家与社会、本土与国际三组关系。而标准化作为制度建设的一部分,也是现代国家建构的必要组成。《中国药典》由于其制定主体的权威性、内容的全面性、效力的法定性,成为国家最高药品质量标准,同时由于其制定工作的持续开展,成为观察质量标准化与国家建构长期关系的良好对象。通过历史回顾和实证分析发现,国家药典的编纂过程反映了中央权威向地方的渗透,体现了国家力量对社会的整合,提升了民族认同感。标准化,作为国家建构的重要措施,是现代国家开展市场监管,提升监管能力的必要手段,其有助于现代国家中央政府对地方分散市场的控制,强化国家权力对市场各主体的监管,增强应对外部全球化对本国市场挑战的能力。

Building the regulatory state serves as the core task of China contemporary state building process,the main topic of China political agenda,which requires clarifying central-local relations,state-society relations,and domestic-foreign relations.As the element of institution construction,quality standardization also has been employed as the crucial part of modern state building.This paper chooses the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the observation unit.Because of its authority,comprehensiveness,and statutory character,the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is regarded as the supreme standard of medicine in China.From the historical and empirical analysis,the study finds that the process of making Chinese Pharmacopoeia reflects the authority penetration from central government to the local one,society integrating by the national power as well as the promotion of national identity.In a conclusion,quality standardization,is an essential means for modern state to regulate the market and improve the regulatory capacity,which can benefit the modern state to control the local decentralized market,strengthen the regulation to the market subjects,and enhance the ability to handle the challenge from globalization.