基于动静载叠加原理的冲击矿压灾害防治技术研究

Study on prevention and control technology of rockburst disaster based on theory of dynamic and static combined load

基于煤矿冲击矿压灾害严重影响矿井安全高效生产,依据动静载叠加诱发冲击矿压的原理,提出了通过降低煤岩体中的静载荷和矿震诱发的动载荷、提高诱冲临界应力等手段来控制冲击矿压的发生。为实现对煤岩体的强度弱化减冲,在控制静载方面,提出了大直径钻孔和煤体爆破解危技术以及高压顺层水力割缝技术,从而达到降低煤的弹性和脆性势能的目的。在控制动载方面,分析了顶板覆岩结构对工作面冲击危险性的影响,提出了断顶爆破卸压技术和顶板定向水力致裂技术,从而缩小周期来压步距以及降低顶板破断诱发的动载。最后以某孤岛工作面为例,验证了基于动静载叠加诱冲原理的立体式防治技术的可行性和有效性,为国内矿井冲击矿压防治提供指导。

Due to the coal mine safety production being seriously affected by rockburst disasters,according to the superposition mechanism of static and dynamic loads,controlling rock burst by increasing the critical stress,decreaseg the static load and dynamic load were described.For intensity weakening coal and rock,drilling and blasting and high pressure water jet coal cutting on decreasing static load were putting forward,to decrease the elastic and brittle potential energy in mine.The paper discussed effect of overlying strata structures to dangerous of rock burst in working face,cutting and blasting overlying and directional hydraulic fracturing technology are putting forward on decreasing dynamic load,for reducing periodic weighting distance of overlying,decreasing dynamic load releasing by overlying.The end,in setting of processing of mining island longwall panel,the feasibility and effectiveness of stereo metric formula prevention and control technology based on dynamic and static load are verificated,and have guiding significance to control rock burst effectively for coal mine in China.