精神残疾人康复需求与康复服务发展状况研究

Needs and Service of Rehabilitation for People with Psychiatric Disability

目的探讨精神残疾人康复需求现状、康复服务的获取及其影响因素,为精神残疾人康复服务发展提供支持。方法采用河南省2016年度全国残疾人基本服务状况和需求实名制专项调查数据,对精神残疾人康复需求现状及康复服务获取情况进行描述性统计分析。结果精神残疾人康复需求主要包括医疗康复、功能训练和辅助器具,其中医疗康复需求率最高(58.99%),功能训练需求率最低(10.08%)。不同年龄、性别、户口性质、残疾等级、受教育程度、就业情况、家庭收入状况、贫困与建档立卡状况的精神残疾人,康复需求存在非常高度显著性差异。精神残疾人的康复服务包括医疗康复服务、功能训练服务、辅助器具服务,其中医疗康复服务获取率最高(25.82%),辅助器具服务获取率最低(3.06%)。精神残疾人康复服务获取受其户口性质、残疾等级、受教育程度、就业情况、家庭收入状况、贫困与建档立卡状况等因素的影响;"家庭经济困难"、"不了解相关知识"、"交通不便"和"其他原因"也对精神残疾人获得康复服务有重要影响。结论精神残疾人康复需求量大,对医疗康复服务需求率最高;康复需求受性别、户口性质、残疾等级等因素影响。精神残疾人康复服务获取率总体较低,医疗康复服务获取率相对较高。精神残疾人康复服务情况受家庭经济状况和交通等其他因素影响。精神残疾人康复需求报告率、康复服务覆盖率、康复服务质量和效率有待提高。

Objective To investigate the needs and service of rehabilitation for people with psychatric disability and influential factors to support the development of rehabilitation services for them.Methods The Administration Data of 2016 Basic Service Status and Needs of People with Disabilities in Henan Province were analyzed.Results The people with psychatric disability reported rehabilitation needs in mainly the medical rehabilitation,functional training and assistive products.The highest rate of need was medical rehabilitation(58.99%)and the lowest need was functional training(10.08%).There were significant differences in the rehabilitation needs for the people with psychiatric disability in ages,genders,household registration,levels of disability,levels of education,employment,household income,poverty and registration of poverty.Rehabilitation services for the people with psychiatric disability included medical rehabilitation services,functional training services and assistive products services.The reported rate of access was medical rehabilitation services(25.82%,highest),and the assistive products services(3.06%,lowest).There were significant differences in rate of access in their household registration,levels of disability,levels of education,employment,household income,poverty and registration of poverty.Furthermore,family in poverty,lack of knowledge,traffic inconvenience and other factors also influenced the access of rehabilitation services for the people with psychiatric disability.Conclusion The needs of rehabilitation is high for people with psychiatric disability,especially in the field of medical rehabilitation.There were factors influencing the access of rehabilitation,including genders,household registration,and levels of disability,etc.The access rate of rehabilitation is low,including the medical rehabilitation.There were other influential factors including family economic status and transportation.It is proposed to improve the reported rate of rehabilitation needs,and the coverage,quality and efficiency of rehabilitation services for people with psychiatric disability.