《野草》中的“陌生人”世界和城市批判

The Strangers' World and Urban Criticism in Lu Xun's Wild Grass

中国的现代化转型和国民启蒙裹挟在世界性的城市化潮流之中,中国的知识分子在城市社会还处于动荡和未成形的状态中,就已经以启蒙的姿态介入到对社会的观察和批判中去。本文主要从《野草》中的城市"陌生人"形象出发,对《野草》中涉及到城市现实空间的篇章进行市民形象和城市伦理分析,探讨身处早期城市社会的鲁迅对市民底层空间的观察和反思。《野草》中有一个很容易被忽视的"陌生人"群体,他们无处不在,形成对"精神界战士"的鲁迅构成牵制、拉扯和制约的力量;他们通过"立论"与"闲谈",形成"陌生人"的日常生活策略;他们在"物"的主宰下形成对金钱异化的群体。鲁迅对"陌生人"群体的批判体现了他在城市写作中更为重视在精神层面上对都市生活中"人"的思考和发现,从而也形成了以"立人"为核心的市民批判。

China’s modern transformation and national enlightenment were wrapped in the worldwide wave of urbanization.Modern Chinese intellectuals,who were still living in a state of unsettledness in the urban society,began to get involved into the social observation and criticism with the aspiration for carrying out enlightenment.Proceeding from the image of urban strangers depicted in Lu Xun’s Wild Grass,this paper analyzes the image of citizens and urban ethics in this book concerning the real space of the city and probes into Lu Xun’s observation and reflection on the space where the grass roots citizens lived in the early urban society.There are a group of strangers in Wild Grass that can be easily ignored.They are ubiquitous,forming a restricting force over Lu Xun as a fighter in the ideological battlefield;their gossips and arguments constitute for them a daily life strategy;and they form a group who are alienated due to their worship of material success and power.Lu Xun’s criticism of such a type of strangers suggests that he attached more importance to the observation and discovery of“people”in urban life at the spiritual level in his urban writings and thus established a type of urban citizen criticism intended to stimulate the consciousness of modern citizenship.