古希腊技术思想与前苏格拉底时期自然哲学的关联探究

On the Connection Between the Technical Thought of Ancient Greece and the Natural Philosophy in the Pre-Socratic Period

当苏格拉底将"本原"的思考从"自然"转移至"人类事务"上时,"技术"就成为了哲学的重要话题。古希腊的"技术思想"蕴含于宗教神话与智者、苏格拉底之后的哲学思想之中,而前苏格拉底时期的自然哲学在构思层面与哲学的"技术思想"存在着关联。自然哲学的"本原—万物"理论、"宇宙"生成论及"努斯"(心灵)学说,虽是对"自然"的"生成"方式的探讨,但其在理论构思层面影响着古希腊哲学对"技术知识""技术制作"和"技术目的"等问题的展开。"自然哲学"的"生成论"孕育了古希腊的"技术思想"从"宗教神话"到哲学的"转向",古希腊哲学对"技术"的阐释,可被视为是对自然哲学"生成"模式的"继承"与"再造"。

When Socrates shifted the thought of“origin”from“nature”to“human affairs”,“technology”became an important topic of philosophy.The“technical thought”of ancient Greece is contained in the religious myth and the philosophical thought proposed after the wise and Socrates,while the natural philosophy of the pre-Socratic period is related to the“technological thought”of the philosophy at the conception level.Though the theory of“origin and everything”,“cosmogony”and“nous”in natural philosophy is a probe into the way of“creation”of“nature”,it,in the aspect of theoretical conception,affects the development of“technical knowledge”,“technological creation”and“technical purpose”in ancient Greek philosophy.The“generative theory”of“natural philosophy”gave birth to the converting of“technological thought”of ancient Greece from“religious myth”to philosophy,and the interpretation of“technology”by ancient Greek philosophy can be regarded as“inheritance”and“reengineering”of the“generation”mode of natural philosophy.