20世纪初科学在中国的本土化进程及其反思

Process of Localization of Science in the Early 20th Century China and Its Reflection

科学在中国的本土化进程主要发生于20世纪初,包括科学概念、科学观念和科学事业等三阶段的本土化。科学概念本土化反映为维新变法时期的日式译词"科学"取代洋务运动时期的中式译词"格致"。科学观念本土化得益于科学救国思潮的推动和五四新文化运动的实现,"赛先生"的鼓吹更使科学作为思想武器达到高潮。科学事业本土化落实于科学成为一种社会体制和共同追求。评价科学的本土化进程,应梳理其易名、扬名与正名的特定模式及特征,并反思其负面影响且分析背后原因,以求客观看待科学本土化进程,肯定科学就此在中国扎根生长的历史意义。

The localization of science in China mainly occurred in the early 20th century,including three stages of localization which were concept of science,view of science and enterprise of science.The localization of concept of science is reflected in the Japanese translation of“science”in the period of Hundred Days Reform,replacing the Chinese translation“gezhi”in the Westernization Movement.The localization of view of science benefited from promoting the ideological trend of scientific salvation and the realization of May Fourth New Culture Movement,and advocating“Mr.Science”also made the thought of regarding science as an ideological weapon reached its climax.The localization of enterprise of science was implemented in science s becoming a kind of social system and common pursuit.To objectively evaluate this localization of science,its stage characteristics and specific patterns of changing the name of science should be analyzed,it should be made known to the public and the people s opinions about it should be verified,and its negative effects should be reflected upon and the causes should be explored.The historical significance of science s rooting and growing in China is worth affirming.