日本青少年蛰居问题研究综述

A Review of Studies on the Problem of Japanese Adolescents' Hikikomori

日本是青少年蛰居问题的发源地,目前蛰居者已高达数十万人。日本对该问题的研究视角以精神分析为主,实证研究为辅,少量的社会学研究成果多侧重于案例分析、援助对策的考察,从而忽略了对蛰居问题根源的探讨。中国学界对该问题的研究多为现象描述、原因概述及对策简介,缺少宏观架构、理论支撑及深入的原因解析。因此,有必要从日本社会变迁中探寻蛰居问题的演变过程及其产生的社会机理。这对于中国青少年蛰居问题的研究和预防具有重要的警鉴意义。

Japan is the birthplace of the problem of juvenile hikikomoris,where there are hundreds of thousands of hikikomoris.Japan’s research perspective on this issue is mainly based on psychoanalysis,supplemented by empirical research,and a small amount of sociological research results focus on case studies and aid countermeasures,thus ignoring the discussion of the root causes of the problem.The study on the problem of Japanese youngsters’hikikomori in the Chinese academy has mostly been phenomenal descriptions,summaries of reasons and brief introductions of solutions,lacking of macro frameworks,theoretical support,and in-depth explanations.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the evolution process of hikikomori and its social mechanism from the social changes in Japan.This has important warning significance for the study and prevention of the problem of adolescent hikikomoris living in China.