改革开放四十年人权法治保障建设:成就、经验及展望

Rule of Law for Human Rights Construction in the Forty Years of Reform and Opening up: Achievements,Experiences and Prospects

人权是法治的基本目标和价值,法治是实现人权的根本途径和不可或缺的重要保障。改革开放四十年以来,我国人权法治建设事业取得了巨大成就,并为国际人权事业的发展做出了中国贡献。我国从改革开放之初的必须建设社会主义法制到1999年实施依法治国方略以来,中国人权法治建设取得了历史性突破,以2004年"国家尊重和保障人权"被写入宪法为标志,中国人权的法治建设更是走上快速发展的轨道。中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成为人权的法治保障奠定了基础;建设法治政府理念及实践规范了行政权,保障了公民的基本权利;司法体制的改革为人权的法治保障筑牢了最后一道防线。进入新时代,中国的人权法治保障建设既面临着重大历史机遇,也面临着诸多现实挑战。未来中国在人权法治保障建设方面应积极构建自己的话语体系,继续加强重点领域的立法以及构建中国人权法治保障的评价体系。

Human Rights are the fundamental objective and value of legal construction.Rule of Law is the fundamental way to realize human rights and also its indispensable guarantee.Forty years of reform and opening up had not only witnessed great achievements in the rule of law for human rights in China,but also Chinese contribution for the development of international human rights.Since the requirement of establishing socialist legal system at the beginning of reform and opening up and the implementation of the strategy of governing the country in accordance with the law,rule of law for human rights in China has made a historic breakthrough.Taking“the state respects and safeguard human rights”being written into the constitution as a sign,the rule of law for human rights in China is on the track of rapid development.The form of socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics laid the foundation for the legal guarantee of human rights;the concept and practice of building a law-based government regulated administrative power and guaranteed the basic rights of citizens.The reform of judicial system has laid the last line of defense for legal guarantee of human rights.In the new era,the legal guarantee and construction of human rights are facing both major historical opportunities and many practical challenges.China should actively build up its own discourse system for the legal guarantee and construction of human rights,continue to strengthen legislation in key areas and build an evaluation system for legal guarantee of human rights in China.