国际指示、工农运动与中共的转型困境——1927年陈独秀“右倾机会主义”新探

Communist International Directive,Workers and Peasants' Movement and the Difficulty in Transformation of CCP——A New Research on So-called Chen Du-xiu's Right Opportunism in 1927

北伐战争开启了各派政治势力对政权的重新争夺,共产国际从七次全会到八次全会指示中共勇敢参与争夺政权,努力通过土地革命发动农民、创建新军队,这是中共后来创建红军和苏区并最终夺取全国政权的关键起点。声势浩大的工农运动也自发出现夺取政权的趋势,工会在一些城市成为"第二政府",湖南、湖北上千万农民的农会夺取了乡以下基层政权。年轻的中共夹在共产国际和工农群众中间,在这种急剧的组织转型中表现出准备不足。中共领导层以陈独秀等知识分子为主,在血腥残酷的政权争夺中犹豫动摇。中共组织力也很有限,党员在农会会员中只有千分之一,无法建立对工农运动的有效领导。中共组织在幼稚阶段就面对残酷的政权争夺,陷入转型困境。1927年的挫折难以避免,但同时也是走向成功的起点。

The rule of the Northern Warlords collapsed in the Northern Expedition war in 1926-1927.Communist International directed CCP to fight for the power by mobilizing peasants in land revolution and building new army.This was the beginning of red army and Soviet Region of CCP.At the same time workers and peasants’movement mobilized by CCP had become great rising power.The labor unions became so-called Second Govement in some cities and the peasant unions got rural authority in Hunan and Hubei province.But the leaders of CCP had not prepared well for this bloody fight.Chen Du-xiu and other leaders were good at writing instesd of fighting.They hesitated in executing the direction of Communist International to leading the masses to fight for power.The orgnaziton was also too weak to lead so many workers and peasants.The failure of CCP in 1927 was just a kind of difficulty in transformation.