中世纪盛期英国经文歌复调创作技术研究

Polyphonic Technique from the English Motet at the High Point of the Middle Ages

中世纪盛期以来,法国复调音乐与其同时代的英国音乐有着难以剥离的密切联系。自12世纪以来,法国音乐持续影响着不列颠岛早期音乐形式的发展。然而,由于英格兰岛国的自足地理环境、鲜明民族性以及带有保守倾向的文化性格等因素,致使英国多声部音乐的建构又具有了孕育本土音乐风格的胚胎。进入13世纪,旋律交换技术在巴黎圣母院复调创作中被逐渐弃用之时,英国经文歌却反映出对这一技术的偏好,并逐渐成为英国音乐的典型手法。自经文歌体裁在英国出现以来,等旋律技术及其在声部间的变化运用,一直是英国作曲家创作的着眼点。同时,三、六度音程的大量使用,又体现出英国传统音乐在声部纵向结合关系上的构思倾向。但也正是因为这些带有鲜明英国化特点的复调技术与创作观念,才使得简朴、悦耳之英国音乐风格,最终成为西方音乐历史转型阶段替代法国极致复杂之风的最好选择。

Since the high Middle Ages,the French polyphonic music has been closely related to its contemporary British music.Since the 12th century the French music has continued to influence the development of the early music the British Isles.However,due to factors such as the self-sufficient geographical environment,distinct national and conservative cultural characteristics of England,the construction of British multi-voice music has the embryo of its native music style.In the 13th century,when the technique of melodic exchange was gradually abandoned in the polyphonic compositions of the Notre Dame Cathedral,the English motets reflected their preference for this technique and gradually became the typical technique of music writing in Britain.Since the emergence of the genre of motet in the United Kingdom the use of the equal melody techniques and their different uses in between the voices had been the focus of British composers.At the same time,the large-scale use of the intervals of 3rd and 6th reflects the tendency of traditional British music in the vertical relationship of the voices.However,it is precisely because of these distinctive English characteristics of the polyphonic technique and compositional concepts that the simple and pleasing British music style finally became the best choice to replace the France's ultimate complex style during the historical transition of the Western music.