亚洲小车蝗在内蒙古草原宜生区划分研究

Division of the inhabitable areas for Oedaleus decorus asiaticus in Inner Mongolia

研究蝗虫发生的影响因子及其成灾机理,是有效预测其发生的前提和基础。本文利用"3S"等技术,根据我国内蒙古草原地区特点,建立了内蒙古草原亚洲小车蝗宜生区(HA)划分标准与方法,综合地理特征和草原类型等影响因子,采用ArcGIS数据统计手段,构建了草原蝗虫宜生指数模型,利用该模型进行了亚洲小车蝗宜生区区域划分。结果表明以栗钙土为主要土壤类型,以大针茅为主的草地类型,地上植物量达150～250 kg/hm^2,海拔高度在1 000～1 100 m之间和坡度为0～10°的条件下,宜生区指数(IH)为5,划分为一级宜生区。各影响因子所占权重为草原类型>土壤类型>地上植物量>海拔高度>坡度。此划分方法的研究有助于明确草原蝗虫分布区域和发生动态,明确内蒙古草原亚洲小车蝗宜生区空间分布情况,为草原蝗虫防治提供数据支撑和决策依据。

Research on the factors influencing the occurrence and outbreak mechanism of locust is the premise and basis for the prediction of its occurrence.According to the characteristics of the grassland area of Inner Mongolia in China,the main division methods of the locust inhabitable area(HA)in Inner Mongolia grasslands were constructed by using“3S”technique.A model of grasshopper inhabitability index was built by combining the comprehensive geographical features and grassland types on the software ArcGIS.The model was then applied to the regional division of locust in Inner Mongolia.The results showed that the most suitable conditions for the growth and development of locusts were:the main soil type was chestnut soil;the grassland was dominated by Stipa grandis;the aboveground biomass reached 150-250 kg/hm 2;the altitude was between 1 000-1 100 m with a slope of 0-10°,which could be divided into the first class suitable area,with an inhabitability index of 5.The weight ratios of these factors were as followed:grassland type>soil type>aboveground biomass>altitude>slope.This method is helpful for clarifying the distribution regions and occurrence dynamics of locusts in grasslands,and the spatial distribution of locusts in Inner Mongolia can be clearly defined by using this method,which can provide the data support and the decision basis for locust control.