陕西省小麦白粉菌群体的毒性监测和年度动态变化

Monitoring and dynamic change of virulence of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici population in Shaanxi Province

通过对陕西省近6年来的小麦白粉菌群体毒性监测结果表明,供试陕西省病菌群体对抗病基因Pm1c、Pm2、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm4c、Pm5b、Pm12、Pm13、Pm16、Pm21、Pm24、Pm30、Pm35、Pm40、Pm46、Pm2+Mld、Pm2+6、Pm4+8和Pm4b+5b的毒性频率均低于30%,是当前的有效抗病基因(组合);对抗病基因(组合)Pm1a、Pm3a、Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm3f、Pm5a、Pm6、Pm7、Pm8、Pm17、Pm19、Pm25和Pm1+2+9的毒性频率均高于70%,说明抗病性能较差,已不适合在育种和生产上使用。病菌群体对抗病基因Pm3d、Pm24、Pm35和Pm"XBD"毒性频率呈下降趋势,对Pm2、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm5b、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm4b+5b呈上升趋势,应加强对其重点监测。监测发现,病菌群体对抗病基因Pm12、Pm16、Pm21和Pm46的毒性频率为0,对Pm1c为0.63%,表明这几个基因是目前最为有效的抗病基因,应加快对其合理利用的步伐。

The virulence monitoring results of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici population in Shaanxi Province in recent six years showed that the virulence frequencies of pathogen population to resistance genes Pm1c,Pm2,Pm4a,Pm4b,Pm4c,Pm5b,Pm12,Pm13,Pm16,Pm21,Pm24,Pm30,Pm35,Pm40,Pm46,Pm2+Mld,Pm2+6,Pm4+8 and Pm4b+5b were lower than 30%,indicating that these resistant genes were still effective.The virulence frequencies to the resistance genes Pm1a,Pm3a,Pm3b,Pm3c,Pm3e,Pm3f,Pm5a,Pm6,Pm7,Pm8,Pm17,Pm19,Pm25 and Pm1+2+9 reached above 70%,indicating these resistant genes were ineffective in Shaanxi Province.The virulence frequencies of Pm3d,Pm24,Pm35 and Pm“XBD”were on a downward trend in these years,while those of Pm2,Pm4a,Pm4b,Pm5b,Pm2+6,Pm4+8 and Pm4b+5b were on the rising trend,thus the pathogen population virulence monitoring should deeply concerned these rising resistance genes.In particular,the virulence frequencies of Pm12,Pm16 and Pm21 were zero,and Pm1c was only 0.63%,indicating these resistance genes are the most effective mildew resistance sources at present,and we should strengthen their application in wheat breeding and production.