1952-2014年饶河流域水沙变化特征及影响因素

Analysis on characteristics and influence factors of runoff and sediment changes in Raohe River basin from 1952 to 2014

利用饶河流域1952-2014年3个水文站的实测流量、输沙量资料,分析了饶河流域年径流量、年输沙量的变化特征。结果表明:(1)饶河流域从径流和输沙地区组成来看,昌江、乐安河、信江东大河占比在20%～35%之间,输沙量和径流量成正比;(2)饶河流域径流量年际变化较大,20世纪90年代水量异常偏多(+20%),径流、输沙序列存在20年的周期,但未来径流量表现为明显的随机性;(3)输沙量在1998年后显著减少,导致水沙双累积曲线发生转折,未来输沙量可能继续减少;(4)2000年后径流量偏少(-10%)是输沙量减小的原因之一,1998-2007年间建成的大中型水利工程拦截泥沙,是饶河2000年后输沙量异常偏少的另一个主要因素。由于流域水土流失治理、水利工程建设等,预计今后饶河干支流输沙量仍将进一步减少。研究结果可为饶河流域水资源综合利用开发和水生态保护提供参考。

Based on the daily measured discharge and sediment data of three stations in Raohe River basin from 1952 to 2014,we studied the variation characteristics of the annual runoff and sediment transport.The results showed that:1)In terms of the regional composition of runoff and sediment transport in the Raohe River basin,the Changjiang River,Le′an River,and Dongdahe River took up 20%-35%,and the sediment transport and the runoff were directly proportional to each other.2)The runoff in the Raohe River basin showed prominent interannual variations.The flow in the 1990s was greater than the normal level(by 20%).The main period of the runoff and sediment transport series was 20 years,but the future runoff showed prominent randomness.3)The sediment load declined significantly after 1998,causing a turning point on the double accumulative curve of runoff and sediment.The future sediment load might keep declining.4)One of the reasons for the reduction of sediment load in Raohe River basin was the reduction of runoff after 2000(by 10%).Another main factor was the interception of sediment by large and medium water conservancy projects built between 1998 and 2007.Owing to the control of soil erosion and construction of water conservancy projects,the sediment in Raohe River basin is expected to decline further in the future.The results can provide a reference for the comprehensive utilization and development of water resources and the water ecological protection in Raohe River Basin.