京津冀区域生态系统服务供需格局时空演变研究

Spatio-Temporal Pattern Evolution of Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

研究区域生态系统服务供给、需求和消费均衡关系及空间关联格局,可为生态系统管理和资源合理有效配置提供决策辅助。基于京津冀区域1990和2015年2期土地覆被数据,采用生态系统服务评分矩阵方法,对京津冀区域生态系统服务供需格局时空演变进行分析,发现1990—2015年研究区生态系统服务供应处于高位供应状态,且供应压力未能得到有效缓解,研究区整体生态系统服务供需处于盈余状态,但供需情况趋于恶化。研究期间北京生态系统服务供需处于赤字状态,河北、天津处于盈余状态,与1990年相比,2015年京、津、冀3地生态系统服务供需状况均趋于恶化。从空间上看,研究区西北部坝上高原、燕山-太行山丘陵区生态系统服务供需呈盈余状态,东南部除北京、天津、石家庄等城市及周边呈赤字状态外,其他地区呈平衡状态。与1990年相比,2015年研究区西北部地区生态系统服务供需状况变化幅度很小,东南部地区随北京、天津、石家庄等城市边界急剧扩张,生态系统服务供需赤字范围在急剧增大。

Research on ecosystem service supply-demand relations is necessary for effective ecosystem management,land development planning and rational allocation of resources.Two indicators,ecosystem service supply rate and supply-demand ratio,were formulated and applied in a case study to compare and map the spatial-temporal status of ecosystem services and the ability to supply these in different regions.Using Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as an example,data obtained from high-resolution spatial land cover maps and stakeholder interviews were used to identify the spatial-temporal potential supply and flow of ecosystem services and human patterns.The results show that ecosystem service supply-demand ratio declined from 1990 to 2015,indicating that the overall proportion of potential ecosystem services turned into flow in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region declined.Determination of supply rate revealed that the status of ecosystem service provision in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region remained steady from 1990 to 2015.The ecosystem service supply-demand status of Hebei and Tianjin were in surplus,meanwhile Beijing was in deficit.The supply-demand situation of ecosystem services in Beijing and Tianjin became worse from 1990 to 2015.From the perspective of space,the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the northwest of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was in surplus state,and the rest was in deficit state in the southeastern area except Beijing,Tianjin and Shijiazhuang.Compared with 1990,the change of supply-demand situation of ecosystem services in the northwest area in 2015 is very small,and the deficit range of supply and demand of ecosystem services increased sharply with the rapid expansion of cities such as Beijing,Tianjin and Shijiazhuang.