农户人力资本对林地流入行为的影响

Influence of farmer's human capital on the inflow of forestland

农村集体林权制度改革以后,农户林地流转有利于解决林地经营分散问题,形成林地的规模化经营。农户的人力资本对其林地流入的影响举足轻重,从人力资本的视角研究农户的林地流入行为,有助于为解决林地流转问题寻求科学的路径。本研究基于人力资本理论,结合林地经营的特点,利用浙江省开化和建德两县(市)173个有效农户样本,采用Heckman两阶段模型分析人力资本对农户林地流入行为及流入规模的影响。结果表明:家庭平均年龄在10%显著性水平上对农户林地流入行为有显著负影响,随着年龄增加,农户受创造力下降的影响大于林业生产能力增加的作用;由于受教育程度高的农户面临更多的就业机会,或者对林地流入的影响短期无法显现,导致农户教育投入对林地流入影响不显著;农户健康医疗投入在1%显著性水平上对农户林地流入行为和流入的面积有显著正向影响,且医疗支出每增加1.00万元,农户多流入1.20 hm^2林地;林业劳动力比例越高农户流入林地的面积也越高,农户实际营林面积越大越促进林地流入。在此基础上提出完善农村人口的社会保障制度,增加林业专业知识的培训,完善基本医疗设施建设、降低农民看病成本,以及完善农村林地流转市场的建议。

After the reform of the rural collective forest rights system,the transfer of farmers’forestland is helpful to solving the problem of the decentralization of the management of the rural forest land,forming the large-scale management of the forestland.Since the human capital of farmers affects forestland inflow a lot,studying farmers’farmland inflow behavior is of great importance to find a path to solve the problem of farmland transaction.Based on human capital theory and combined with the characteristics of forest management,this study used the valid survey data of 173 farmers in Kaihua County and Jiande City of Zhejiang,using Heckman two stage model to analyze the influence of human capital on farmer’s forestland inflow behavior and scale.The result showed that the average age of households had a significant negative impact on farmers’forestland inflow behavior at 10 per cent significant level;with the increase of age,the influence of farmers’creativity decline was greater than increase of forestry production capacity.Because farmers with higher education had more employment opportunities,or the impact of farmers’education on the inflow of forestland could not be revealed in a short period of time,the impact of the input of farmers’education on the inflow of forestland is not significant.The health care investment of farmers had a significant positive effect on the inflow behavior and the inflow area of the forestland at the 1 per cent significant level,and with the increase of 10 000 yuan for the medical treatment expenditure,the farmers would inflow more 1.20 hm2 of forestland.The higher the proportion of the forestry labor force and the more actual management forest area were,the more area of forestland the farmer would inflow.Based on this analysis,this paper proposed suggestions on improving the social security system of rural population,increasing the training of forestry professional knowledge,improving the basic medical facilities,reducing the medical cost of farmers,and improving the market of rural forestland transfer.[Ch,3 tab.20 ref.]