发展型国家理论再探讨--以一个贫困县的劳务出口为例

The Developmental State Theory Revisited:A Case Study on the Labor Export in an Impoverished County

本文通过田野调查和档案研究相结合的方法考察了我国中部一个国家级贫困县劳务出口的崛起过程。研究发现,地方政府与中央政府委派的扶贫小组共同制定和实施的工业化发展战略未能达到预定目标,但一个偶然出现的救急性劳务出口项目却在老百姓的积极参与下,特别是在他们同地方政府博弈下,成功发展且带动了整个县劳务出口的发展。本研究因此对发展型国家理论在中国的应用有如下修正和补充:(1)发展型国家理论凸显了国家的"顶层设计"作用,而成功的发展很可能只是一个积极的"意外后果";(2)发展型国家理论过分强调了国家的作用,而忽略了中央政府与地方政府之间以及国家与社会之间的互动对发展模式、过程及结果的巨大影响。

Drawing upon ethnographic and documentary research methods,this study investigates the opportunistic rise of a labor export economy in an impoverished county of Central China. Whereas the developmental strategy of industrialization collaborated by the local county government and the poverty alleviation team from the central government had limited success,a labor export program incidentally initiated by the poverty alleviation team eventually ended up as a prosperous society-driven labor export economy.Thus this study readdresses the theory of developmental state as well as its application in China's case as follows:( 1) while the developmental state theory attaches great importance to the state's role of "top-level design,"economic success could be likely a positive "unintended consequence"of the state;( 2) the developmental state theory overemphasizes the leading role of the central government,however,the roles of local governments and society as well as market are generally neglected. The dynamic interactions among them actually have great impact on the patterns,trajectories and consequences of the local development.