面向自然保护区周边的人为扰动影响遥感探测分析——以永德大雪山国家级自然保护区为例

Remote Sensing Detection and Analysis of the Human Disturbance Effects on the Surrounding of Nature Reserve——a Case Study of Yongde Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve

以云南省临沧市永德大雪山国家级自然保护区及周边地区为试验区,以自然保护区周边人为干扰影响最具有指示作用的火烧迹地特征为研究对象,通过遥感归一化植被指数NDVI探测研究区植被覆盖度,并构建归一化燃烧比值NBR及运用相关算法,获得对研究区人为干扰影响的火烧迹地状况快速地识别及定量、定位分析研究。结果得出:1)在不同遥感时段,遥感植被覆盖度,保护区边界内的植被覆盖度空间分布相对稳定;而在保护区边界外,植被覆盖度则随着缓冲距离的增加而呈现减少态势。2)在保护区边界内,可监测到仍然有少量火烧迹地的存在;而在保护区边界外,火烧迹地则表现出随着缓冲距离的增加而增加的趋向。3)进一步调查分析导致研究区火烧迹地空间变化的态势原因。保护区周边客观存在的农村居民点分布是影响植被覆盖度和火烧迹地的一个重要驱动因素,居民点分布与保护区的植被覆盖度及火烧迹地分布具有密切的空间关联机制,有待深化探讨研究保护区周边农村聚落对保护区的人为扰动影响的减缓措施。

Taking Yongde Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve and surrounding areas in Lincang City of Yunnan Province as the experimental area,the characteristics of burned area that have the most instructive influence of human disturbances at the surrounding of nature reserve as the research objects,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Normalized Burn Ratio(NBR)as well as correlation algorithms,the rapid identification,quantification and location analysis about the burned area affected by human disturbance were obtained.The results showed that:1)In different remote sensing periods,the spatial distribution of vegetation coverage within the boundary of the nature reserve was relatively stable.While outside the boundary,the vegetation coverage decreased with the increasing of the buffer distance.2)Within the boundary of the nature reserve,the presence of a small number of burned areas could be monitored.However,outside the nature reserve,the burned area showed increasing with the rise of buffer distance.3)Investigating and analyzing of the causes which led to the burned areas spatial changes in the study area were couducted.The objective distribution of rural residential around the nature reserve was an important driving factor affecting the vegetation coverage and burned area.There was a close spatial correlation between the distribution of rural residential and the vegetation coverage as well as distribution of burned area in nature reserve.It is necessary to seek the mitigation measures in order to study the impact of rural settlements at the surrounding of nature reserve on human disturbances in nature reserve.