“双一流”高校要重视跨学科学术组织建设——基于美国研究型大学跨学科学术组织管理模式的分析

"Double First-class" Universities Should pay attention to Construction of Interdisciplinary Academic Organizations——Based on the Analyses of Interdisciplinary Academic Organization Management Model in American research Universities

美国是世界上较早开展跨学科研究和教育的国家之一,研究型大学建立的各类跨学科学术组织形式丰富多样,从目标维度可分为服务国家战略、面向未来发展和满足产业需求三种类型,不同类型的跨学科学术组织虽然管理模式各异但具有一些共同特征。本文在对美国科学技术中心的管理模式进行系统分析后发现,其整体呈现出组织结构扁平化、资源配置稳定化、考核评估周期化和交流共享制度化等特征,这对于我国"双一流"建设高校创新学科组织形式,加强跨学科学术组织建设和管理,促进跨学科研究和教育具有重要的借鉴意义。

The United States is one of the earliest countries in the world to carry out interdisciplinary research and education,and there are various types of interdisciplinary academic organizations in research universities.According to the objective dimension,the organizations can be categorized into three types:for national strategies,for future development and for meeting the needs of present industries.Different types of interdisciplinary academic organizations have different management modes,but they have something in common in terms of characteristics.After the analysis of the management mode of the US Science and Technology Center,the author finds that the center is characterized by flat organizational structure,stable resource allocation,periodically scheduled assessment and institutionalized exchange and sharing.This can provide useful reference for the“Double First-class”Construction,for the strengthening of the construction and management of interdisciplinary organizations and for the promotion of interdisciplinary research and education in China.