德国义务教育立法:主体、内容及其特征——基于各州法律的文本分析

Compulsory Education Legislation in Germany: Legislator,Content and Characteristics——A Case Study of State Laws

德国义务教育立法权属于各州,立法主体包括州议会和州政府。德国义务教育的有效法律渊源既包括各州议会制定的学校法或义务教育法,也包括各州政府根据学校法授权而发布的义务教育法规命令。德国义务教育法律主要规范义务教育对象、义务教育年龄和年限、义务教育类型和形式,以及义务教育法律责任。德国义务教育法律重在调整行为、设定义务和规范程序。

The legislative power of compulsory education in Germany belongs to the state.The legislative body includes the state parliament and the state government.The effective legal sources of compulsory education in Germany include not only the school law or the compulsory education law enacted by the legislature,but also the compulsory education regulations issued by the state governments under the authorization of the school law.The compulsory education law mainly regulates the object of compulsory education,the age and duration of compulsory education,the type and form of compulsory education,and the legal responsibility of compulsory education.Germany’s compulsory education law focuses on the adjustment of behavior,the setting of obligations,and the standard procedures.