中国村落社会助行为的二重构造--对助行为异化的一个解释框架

The Dual Structure of Supporting Behaviors in Chinese Villages:An Interpretative Framework for the Alienation of Supporting Behaviors

助行为是连结社会中人与人关系的日常性契机,原本发端于经济层面的需求。经济层面的需求为社会性意义的形成创造了契机,同时发挥着确认和加深共同体内部成员间关系的作用。助行为经济性意义的缺损,将阻碍助行为的开展。然而助行为的经济功能所附带产生的社会性意义,又会反过来规定和支配助行为的发生。当助行为在经济性意义上有所缺损,但社会性意义依然不减时,助行为的发生就开始受到社会性意义的支配。此时,助行为的异化就出现了。对助行为异化的应对之策,表现为两个方向:对缺损的助行为的经济性意义进行补偿;消解助行为的社会性意义。"人情异化"是助行为异化的一种表现,而"雇佣的市场交换行为"是村民的应对策略之一。

Supporting behavior is a daily opportunity to link people with one community.It is originated from economic needs,which creates an opportunity for the formation of social significance,and plays an important role in confirming and deepening the relationship among members of the community.Supporting behavior has a dual structure which includes an economic significance and a social significance,and the two are in a dialectical relationship.Supporting behavioral system is a mutually assisted behavioral system,with micro-level behavior as the focus and the behavioral network as an essential factor.Those who help others have enough abilities and resources,and those who are helped by others are lacking in abilities and resources.This reflects the economic significance of supporting behavior,with human resources,financial resources,and material as the basic elements.The construction of supporting behavior network has been initially embodied in the economical function of supporting behavior.Supporting behavioral social system is a social system with a macro-level supporting behavior network as its core.Its focus is on social groups and local societies,and its carrier is based on emotion and identity.Those who help others and those who are helped by others are in the same social system of supporting behavior,and the two sides have the common identity of the community and the awareness of belonging to one community.As a result,supporting behavior can play an active role in confirming the relationship between the actors themselves and the community or the other persons involved,which reflects the social significance of supporting behavior.A loss of economic significance in supporting behavior will hinder its implementation.However,the social significance originated from the economic function of supporting behavior,will in turn prescribe and control the occurrence of supporting behavior.When supporting behavior is lacking in the economic sense yet its social significance is not reduced,the occurrence of supporting behavior begins to be dominated by the social significance.At this point,the alienation of supporting behavior appears.The countermeasures to reverse behavioral alienation are manifested in two directions:one is compensating for the loss of economic significance;the other is dissolving the social significance of supporting behavior.The alienation on people’s favor is a manifestation of behavioral alienation of supporting behavior,and market exchange behavior on paid employment is one of the coping strategies created by villagers.