我国人格法益保护模式之选择与完善——基于比较法模式评析视角

Selection and Improvement of Personality Interests Protection in China——Research on Perspective of the Comparative Law

比较法上的人格法益保护模式主要包括侵权法不区分式、侵权法区分式、一般人格权、"人格"与人格权概括保护、框架权性质的具体人格权等五种模式。上述模式在我国现行法律规范中皆有体现。侵权法不区分式缺乏对人格法益侵害的违法性要件认定;一般人格权存在逻辑与结构上的问题;框架权性质的具体人格权不符合我国法制实情。我国应当采用侵权法区分式加人格权概括保护的模式;次优是对《侵权责任法》第6条过错责任进行解释,将其分为主观的过错与客观的违法性两方面。在此基础之上,还应当从明确人格法益概念、补强侵害要件、控制援引内容等方面,持续完善我国的人格法益保护。

There are 5 major protection modes for personality rights and interests from the perspective of the comparative law,namely Tort Law indistinguishable,Tort Law distinguishable,general personality rights,"personality"and generalized protection of personality rights,and framework concrete personality rights.All of them are reflected in China's existing laws and regulations.Tort Law indistinguishable mode lacks the identification of constructive elements for infringement of personality's legal interests.The second mode based on general personality rights has logical and structural issues.And the third mode focusing on framework concrete personality rights is inconsistent with legal situations in our country.The combined mode of Tort Law distinguishable and generalized protection of personality rights should be adopted.On the basis of that,the concept of personality rights and interests,reinforcing constructive elements for illegality,and controlling cited contents and so on shall be clarified to keep improving the protection of personality rights and interests.