高职教育的经济现象及其解释

The Economic Phenomenon of Higher Vocational Education and Its Interpretation

高职教育有明显的经济功能,统计显示其对GDP增长、就业增长的贡献率超过其他教育类型。然而受经济与社会制度变迁的深刻影响,高职教育的社会资源配置效率低、市场供需矛盾突出、区域性行业性资源配置不均衡,不能完全满足人的发展、技术发展、经济发展、社会发展对高职教育的要求。高职教育发展要改变长期的政府主导体制形成的路径依赖现象,加强制度创新与改革探索,强化高职教育与产业结构的耦合、行业企业对高职教育发展的驱动,加大股份制改革与实体性职教集团探索力度,促进市场与政府在高职教育资源配置中各就其位,加大对现代农业、民族特色产业等的财政支持与转移支付,建立贯通的国家资源框架促进面向更高端产业链的人才培养与人才流动,避免人力资本在廉价劳动力市场形成积累。

With the obvious economic functions,higher vocational education plays an important role in the growths of GDP and employment,and its contributions surpass the ones of other education types according to the statistics.However,the higher vocational education,affected by the economic and social system changes,can no more meet the requirements of the developments of human being,technology,economics,and society for its low efficiency of social resource allocation,along with the obvious contradiction between social supply and demand,and imbalance of resource allocation in regional industry market.The development of higher vocational education needs to change the path dependence phenomenon caused by the long-term government-led system.It requires strengthening the system innovation and reform,reinforcing the coupling between higher vocational education and the industrial structure,consolidating the stimulation of industry and enterprise on the development of higher vocational education,increasing the exploration of joint-stock reform and the substantive vocational education group,promoting the positions of market and the government in the allocation of resources of higher vocational education,increasing the financial support and transfer payment of modern agriculture and national characteristic industries,promoting talents training and talent flow for the more high-end industrial chain based on the establishment of national qualifications framework,and avoiding the accumulation of human capital in cheap labor market.